What does market research involve?

Market research fundamentally involves the process of gathering and interpreting market information to understand various aspects such as consumer preferences, market trends, competitive analysis, and overall industry dynamics. This comprehensive approach enables businesses to make informed decisions regarding product development, pricing strategies, distribution channels, and promotional activities.

The correct choice emphasizes the dual aspects of market research: data collection and analysis. Gathering information can include qualitative and quantitative research methods, such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, and observational studies. This data is then interpreted to derive meaningful insights that can guide marketing strategies and enhance decision-making.

In contrast, the other options provide a limited or skewed view of what market research entails. For example, translating products into marketing language, while relevant to the marketing process, does not encompass the broad scope of research. Analyzing only past sales data or solely focusing on consumer opinions restricts the understanding needed for effective market research, as it overlooks current market trends, competitor actions, and broader economic factors that can influence future business success. Thus, option B captures the essence of market research in a comprehensive manner.